First, this paper empirically evaluates the incidence of the Japanese place-based job creation program, which has rarely been studied in Japan. The program increases employment, especially in the agricultural, retail trade, and service sectors, which most treated municipalities promote. Second,...

This study examines the effectiveness of a place-based policy targeting rural areas in Japan to address regional economic disparities. The policy offers financial incentives to regions with significant declines in population and an aging population to increase capital investment and public...