from Japan and Europe to explore the opportunities and challenges that clusters present in our modern age. Experts from … Valley cluster in Japan, to Polish National Key Clusters, to collaborations between Asia, Europe, and Latin America … and practical implications for academics studying economics of innovation, industrial and regional economics, and regional …

A case study of the chlor-alkali industry in Western Europe and Japan is presented examining the effects of … environmental regulation on technological change. In Western Europe, standards were set for mercury emissions from chlor … emissions with end-of-pipe technologies, in effect, helped to prolong the lifetime of the existing mercury process. In Japan …