cluster policies in Japan, Germany, and France as well as six prominent biotechnology clusters in these countries. Information …Cluster policies have attracted increasing attention worldwide, but only a few studies have focused on their management … by local cluster organizations. We investigate the relationship between national cluster policies and their management by …

within created cluster structures. The analysis of Japan's experience in this area is a valuable source of information for …

, namely Japan and Germany, and addresses the question how different institutional frameworks may have an impact on its … management scholars as well as policy makers. -- Biotechnologische Industrie ; Japan ; Deutschland …