sources of institutional trajectories of economic development in China, Japan, and Korea. It stylizes the Malthusian-phase of … states of Qing China, Tokugawa Japan, and Yi Korea by focusing on the way in which agricultural taxes were enforced. It also …

to Brazil, China, Japan, and the U.S.. The period under study is 1980 to 2001 and we distinguish in our analysis between …

China or Japan, has no predictable effect on its trade surplus. Currency appreciation by the creditor country will slow its …-growth and low-growth economies, as between Japan and the U.S. from in 1950 to 1971 and China and the U.S. from 1994 to 2005 … growth. The qualified case for China moving toward greater flexibility in the form of a very narrow band for the yuan …

For creditor countries on the periphery of the dollar standard such as China with current account surpluses, foreign … the (incipient) deflation that China now faces. It could create a zero-interest liquidity trap in financial markets that … experience of Japan. Exchange rate appreciation, or the threat of it, causes macroeconomic distress without having any …