The Tokyo emissions trading scheme (ETS) is the first regional ETS in Japan where a national ETS has not been introduced. In this study, we estimate the policy impacts of the Tokyo ETS on energy usage and economic activities in the scheme’s first phase (2010-2014) and the first four years of...

This articles emphasizes the important role of human capital, manufacturing and imports to increase real income per inhabitant and non-agrarian employment. Some researchers specialized in economic growth analyse the export-led growth in many countries and insist upon the importance of openness...