Purpose – Japanese audit market experienced a significant shift from the Big 4 dominated the audit market to the Big 3 market due to the demise of PwC ChuoAoyama in 2006 that raised concern on compromised auditor's independence. This study aims to investigate whether Japanese auditors engage...

This study empirically investigates how two types of airport charges (per-passenger and per-flight) differentially affect airfares, service quality (flight frequency), and welfare. A structural model endogenizing airfares and flight frequency is estimated with data on Japanese domestic routes...