issuing that international currency, with a main empirical focus on the Japanese case with regard to the Chinese renminbi …

constitute long-term appreciation expectations on yuan and yen, which have made China and Japan vulnerable to U.S. interest rate … cuts and appreciation expectation shocks. For both China and Japan - at different points of time - self-fulfilling runs …, speculative bubbles and post-bubble secular stagnation. To prevent a similar scenario for China capital controls, a tighter …