archives of “closedown institutions” this paper examines the role of the state in determining the use of budgets within Japan … examine the changes in the use of budgets effected when Japan Airways succeeded Japan Air Transport. Findings – Prior to 1938 …Purpose – This paper aims to examine the role of the Japanese state in the development of budgets within “special …

The Deshima Diaries provide invaluable daily information on social and economic life in Tokugawa Japan in the early …

/methodology/approach – The paper reviews the major literature of management history in Japan and conceptualizes these works into a framework of … manufacturing sector. The scientific management paradigm was dominant from the start of modern industry in Japan and its endurance … identified, but as Japan has proved reluctant in the past to shift away from the efficiency concept, effecting reforms may remain …

Defense budgets in Japan have been complicated compromises from numerous inputs - including threat perceptions … and consistent government pressures for smaller budgets have further slowed annual growth in total spending and have … contributed to lower procurement budgets. As a result, the domestic Japanese defense industry is facing far more constrained …