for the US, Japan, Germany and the UK are compared with estimation results from partial modeling approached adopted in the …

of aging of the baby boomer generation and low fertility rates have produced very rapid aging. Japan now finds itself …. Aging is already placing a burden on government finances, and Japan's ability to confront the negative fiscal implications … of future aging is constrained by its very high debt-to-GDP ratio. We find that Japan faces a severe fiscal crisis if …

of aging of the baby boomer generation and low fertility rates have produced very rapid aging. Japan now finds itself …. Aging is already placing a burden on government finances, and Japan's ability to confront the negative fiscal implications … of future aging is constrained by its very high debt-to-GDP ratio. We find that Japan faces a severe fiscal crisis if …

of aging of the baby boomer generation and low fertility rates have produced very rapid aging. Japan now finds itself …. Aging is already placing a burden on government finances, and Japan's ability to confront the negative fiscal implications … of future aging is constrained by its very high debt-to-GDP ratio. We find that Japan faces a severe fiscal crisis if …

Health spending has risen rapidly in Japan. We find two-thirds of the spending increase over 1990–2011 resulted from … increase of 2–3 percentage points of GDP. This will require a sizable increase in government transfers. Japan can introduce …

Local governments in Japan account for about 80 per cent of general government spending when excluding social security … Germany. We show that in Japan this was not the case and that so far local governments do participate in the stabilisation …

With gross government debt of 226% of GDP, Japan’s fiscal situation is in uncharted territory and puts the economy at … risk. Japan needs a detailed and credible fiscal consolidation plan, including specific revenue increases and measures to …

With gross government debt surpassing 200% of GDP, Japan’s fiscal situation is in uncharted territory. In addition to … be improved to help reinforce confidence in Japan's fiscal position and prevent a run-up in interest rates. Higher … credit, to prevent a rise in inequality and poverty. This Working Paper relates to the 2013 OECD Economic Survey of Japan …