We examine auction data to determine if bid rigging presents in procurement auctions for paving works in Ibaraki City, Osaka, Japan. We first show that sporadic bidding wars are caused by the participation of potential “outsiders.” Assuming that the ring is all-inclusive if the auction is...

We examine auction data to determine if bid rigging presents in procurement auctions for paving works in Ibaraki City, Osaka, Japan. We first show that sporadic bidding wars are caused by the participation ofpotential outsiders. Assuming that the ring is all-inclusive if the auction is not the...

Bid rigging among companies is sometimes aided by government officials when the officials provide information concerning the yearly schedule for public tendering or when they reveal the maximum and minimum contract prices set in advance by the procuring office. Officials sometimes suggest that...