Japan is the oldest society in the world. It has the highest proportion of the population aged 65 and over, a demographic indicator that has been used by demographers for more than a century. One of the main objectives of this study is to apply a new indicator-the cognition-adjusted dependency...

This study proposes a new group of indicators in the analysis of pension plan systems performance. Section one presents a new model to evaluate the pension plan systems respond in the case of Japan and Malaysia. This new model, “The Pension Plan Systems Performance Evaluation Model (PPSPE-...