How much do tax credits affect firms R&D activities? What are the mechanisms? Few empirical studies directly examine the effect of tax credit policies on firms R&D investments and the importance of financial constraints on the policy effects on R&D. This paper examines the effect of the Japanese...

To what extent does a tax credit affect firms' R&D activity? What are the mechanisms? This paper examines the effect of R&D tax credits on firms' R&D expenditure by exploiting the variation across firms in the changes in the eligible tax credit rate between 2000 and 2003. Estimating the...

We investigate the employment consequences of deindustrialization for 1,993 cities in France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Japan, and the United States. In all six countries we find a strong negative relationship between a city's share of manufacturing employment in the year of its country's...