import transactions per year at the firm-good level and, therefore, increased the degree of lumpiness of imports from Japan. …

-correction models for the U.S., Japan, Germany, France, and Italy indicates that changes in the real exchange rate are not fully passed … through into import prices, not even in the long run. By modeling the dynamic behavior of import suppliers as an inter … the long run as well as in the short run. Thus, a proper distinction might be crucial when predicting import price …