This paper examines the materiality guidance for eight of the largest U.S. and international public accounting firms. Knowledge of how materiality guidance is integrated into a firm's methodology is important for accounting and auditing researchers as well as for practitioners, regulators, and...

Purpose – Japanese audit market experienced a significant shift from the Big 4 dominated the audit market to the Big 3 market due to the demise of PwC ChuoAoyama in 2006 that raised concern on compromised auditor's independence. This study aims to investigate whether Japanese auditors engage...