Verification programs for beef imports from the United States of America (USA). Japan has different SPS measures on beef trading … States beef products remained in effect, restricting beef trade flows. Using the Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood estimator … and monthly trade flows from the 8 major beef exporting countries to Japan from 2010 to 2019, the results show that USA …

reciprocity in food trade among the US, Canada, the EU and Japan. We explore country and industry-specific market access asymmetry … access to both Canada and, especially, the EU. Policy trade barriers, firstly in the forms of NTBs, the degree of product …