understanding that their jobs still exist and that they will be recalled. We show that the resulting temporary-layoff unemployment … mostly dissipated by the end of 2020. Potential workers without jobs constitute what we call jobless unemployment. Shocks … that elevate jobless unemployment have much more persistent effects. Historical major adverse shocks, such as the financial …

We estimate impacts of male job loss, female job loss, and male unemployment benefits on domestic violence in Brazil … pervasive increases in domestic violence. Exploiting a discontinuity in unemployment insurance eligibility, we find that … and an increase in exposure of victims to perpetrators, with unemployment benefits partially offsetting the income shock …