in childhood leads to a significant increase in teen crime and significant decreases in educational attainment and adult …

leads to significant increases in teen crime and pregnancy and a significant decrease in early-life employment. The effects … are concentrated among children from the most disadvantaged families, where teen crime increases by 18 percentage points …

entire decade. The magnitudes of incarceration, probation, and parole among black dropouts, in particular, suggest that crime …. Limited evidence on the returns to crime suggest that with the decline in earnings and employment for less educated young men …, crime offers an increasingly attractive alternative …

Bias crime statistics legislation does not require law enforcement agencies to collect data on the ages of bias crime … perpetrators, and bias crime penalty enhancements do not distinguish between youth and adult offenders. As a result, little data … exists on youth bias crime, and the consequences of applying bias crime penalty enhancements to adult and youth offenders are …

model predicts that parental and peer socialization are substitutes in the development of juvenile crime. We then take the … negative peer effects on juvenile crime are significantly lower for teenagers with engaged mothers. Consistent with the … crime. The influence of parents is especially important for drug trafficking, assault and battery …

predicts that parental and peer socialization are substitutes in the development of juvenile crime. We then take the model to … negative peer effects on juvenile crime are significantly lower for teenagers with engaged mothers. Consistently with the … crime. The influence of parents is especially important for drug trafficking, assault and battery …