Financial theory creates a puzzle. Some authors argue that high-risk entrepreneurs choose debt contracts instead of equity contracts since risky but high returns are of relatively more value for a loan-financed firm. Conversely, authors who focus explicitly on start-up finance predict that...

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to show the role of charity sector by enabling unemployed through Islamic endowments. One of the most important endowment kinds is cash waqf, which was authorized by Maliki position and others. This paper focuses on endowments fund as a type of cash...