This paper develops a model showing that inefficient legal protections disproportionately increase financial restrictions for creditors that have less wealth. Due to fixed monitoring costs in equilibrium, banks will not monitor small firms, and therefore these firms will adopt risky technologies...

This paper provides the first evidence on gender differences in investment financing, credit application and credit denial rates in Germany. The empirical analysis is carried out on a sample of firms drawn from the KfW Mittelstandspanel, a representative survey of German SMEs for the period from...

This paper develops a conceptual framework and offers new statistical evidence on the access to credit by micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Guatemala and Nicaragua. To this end, and after reviewing the existing literature on the topic, it produces new empirical evidence drawn from...

El presente documento analiza el grado de acceso al crédito por parte de las pequeñas y medianas empresas en Argentina. A tal efecto, el estudio revisa críticamente diversos preconceptos de amplia difusión entre los encargados de política e incluso entre especialistas en el tema. En...

Die Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau – kurz KfW – fördert seit über 60 Jahren die deutsche Wirtschaft mit Darlehen zu vergünstigten Konditionen. Dabei fördert der Geschäftsbereich KfW-Mittelstandsbank insbesondere den deutschen Mittelstand sowie Existenzgründer. Dieser Artikel...

Strong lending relationships between banks and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a key role in the bank-based financial system of Germany. So far, they have been mainly described by the notion of an housebank and transactional features of long-term bank-customer relationships. The...

El actual contexto se caracteriza por restricciones en el acceso al crédito, aún habiendo fondos disponibles en tal sentido. Las pequeñas y medianas empresas necesitan del crédito para sostener inversiones en activos fijos y de trabajo y generar empleo, pero se les dificulta obtenerlo por...

Strong lending relationships between banks and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a key role in the bank-based financial system of Germany. So far, they have been mainly described by the notion of a housebank and transactional features of long-term bank-customer relationships. In...