Strong lending relationships between banks and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a key role in the bank-based financial system of Germany. So far, they have been mainly described by the notion of an housebank and transactional features of long-term bank-customer relationships. The...

This paper provides the first evidence on gender differences in investment financing, credit application and credit denial rates in Germany. The empirical analysis is carried out on a sample of firms drawn from the KfW Mittelstandspanel, a representative survey of German SMEs for the period from...

Die Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau – kurz KfW – fördert seit über 60 Jahren die deutsche Wirtschaft mit Darlehen zu vergünstigten Konditionen. Dabei fördert der Geschäftsbereich KfW-Mittelstandsbank insbesondere den deutschen Mittelstand sowie Existenzgründer. Dieser Artikel...

Strong lending relationships between banks and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a key role in the bank-based financial system of Germany. So far, they have been mainly described by the notion of a housebank and transactional features of long-term bank-customer relationships. In...