developing and developed countries. However, partly due to remaining at-the-border trade costs, SMEs continue to be less … represented in international trade – as direct exporters or importers – than larger firms. Drawing on cross-country data from the … World Bank Enterprise Survey (WBES), together with the OECD Trade by Enterprise Characteristics (TEC), this paper looks at …

on offer. This paper uses detailed firm level data from Southeast Asian countries to split the OECD Trade in Value Added … makers focus on: i) reducing trade costs that hit SMEs hardest; including tariffs, trade agreements and trade facilitation …

participate in GVCs and to increase their level of engagement in GVC networks. As for country-related factors, openness to trade …