2022 demonstrated intensification of sanction pressure on the Russian Federation. Consumer demand contracted against the backdrop of inflation coupled with the rising cost of borrowing, many entrepreneurs faced the risk of bankruptcy. Under pressure from unfriendly countries, many large foreign...

Small businesses are the backbone of the U.S. economy and account for approximately one-half of the private-sector economy and 99% of all businesses. To start a small business, individuals need access to capital. Given the importance of an entrepreneur's personal debt capacity in financing a...

This study examines the impact of growth in student debt on net small business formation. We find a significant and economically meaningful negative correlation between changes in student debt and net new businesses employing one to four employees, the firms most dependent on personal debt for...

This paper discusses the status of financial inclusion, education, and literacy in Azerbaijan as well as measures to foster the development of SMEs, which currently have inadequate access to financial resources. The primary policy challenge faced by the government of Azerbaijan is defining its...

Universities play a crucial role in new knowledge production that is considered as key driver of economic growth. Hence, the support of university research is essential, usually provided by the public sector. This article presents an evaluation of small grants of universities through examining...