This study analyzes the role of personal guarantees and collateral in the context of two different lending structures, one transaction - and the other relationship-based. The Finnish bank data which were uniquely accessible for the study enabled an exploration of credit files with specific...

This paper offers a social network explanation for the purported relationship between internationalization and firm performance in the context of born global small and medium enterprises (SMEs). We argue that home-based social networks play a mediating role in the relationship between inward and...

The current trend of business model research shows an increased endeavour of conceptualizing business frameworks for circular economy (CE). While previous sustainability paradigms have failed to attract market stakeholders, their reaction differ regarding this concept. The reason is discovering...

The objective of the IFRS for SMEs is to provide SMEs an attractive accounting alternative according to international standards. The paper analyses the differences compared to the German-GAAP and highlights the consequences for medium-sized entities in Germany. -- Accounting ; full IFRS ; IFRS ;...

The paper analyses the timing of disclosing financial statements for small and medium enterprises (SME) in Germany in 2007 and 2008. Comparisons of different regional areas and different company sizes are made and possible explanations for the results discussed. -- Rechnungslegungspolitik ;...

Evidence about the effect of voluntary audits on the cost of debt is mixed, and there is no research about the effects of mandatory audits and the non-compliance with the audit requirement. Using a sample of Spanish SMEs, where some companies are exempt from audit and some are mandatorily...

The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether auditor gender has an impact on the magnitude of corporate earnings management in small and medium-sized private Finnish firms. Our results concerning gender differences in audit practices are twofold. First, when we regress the absolute...

Objective – This study examined the governance of accounting rules and tax rules on the level of tax burdens paid by SMEs in Malaysia. According to the tax gap theory, taxpayers utilize the different rules between accounting and tax which is known as the dual reporting system in their tax...

Small accounting firms represent important participants in the audit market, yet details of how they operate and develop competencies remain unexplored. Small firms often join forces through accounting associations and networks (“AANs”), which may help them overcome significant challenges...

Motivated primarily by the claims that audit committee independence and accounting expertise and CEO compensation influence audit fees, this study examines the effect of such factors, on audit fees in two different institutional settings in the post-Sarbanes Oxley Act (SOX) era. The...