This paper assumes a small- and micro-sized enterprise (SME, henceforth) invests in a project, of which the investment cost is funded by the bank-tax-guarantee (BTG, henceforth), a financial innovation instrument that combines bank-tax-interaction (BTI, henceforth) and credit guarantee (EGS,...

Recently, a guarantee-investment combination financing mode is popular. This paper considers an entrepreneur who has exclusively an option to invest in a project. The investment is irreversible but delayable with a growth option. Thanks to the financing mode, the initial investment cost is...

We consider loan guarantees and security token offerings (STOs). If information is symmetric, STOs are better than loan guarantees. Under asymmetric information we identify the highest equity price making imitation unprofitable. A pooling (separating) equilibrium is reached through loan...

Many SMEs and young entrepreneurs experience financing constraints due to their low credibility and information asymmetry. To this end, a partial guarantee agreement is popular with Chinese entrepreneurs. In this paper, we consider an SME with a funding gap, who wants to invest in a project, of...