, and the United Kingdom, but not in Japan. The observed increases in external orientation are in terms of industry export … shares, import penetration, and imported input use in production. United States industries have experienced a particularly … past two decades. Although similar manufacturing industries have strong export orientation in all countries, across …

, and the United Kingdom, but not in Japan. The observed increases in external orientation are in terms of industry export … shares, import penetration, and imported input use in production. United States industries have experienced a particularly … past two decades. Although similar manufacturing industries have strong export orientation in all countries, across …