The proportion of assets held by the average Canadian firm in the form of cash has increased steadily since the early 1990s, and is now roughly twice as large as in 1990. The literature has established that the cash-holding behaviour of firms is highly correlated with financial constraints and...

The relative importance of a multitude of factors for the allocation of expenses towards R&D are assessed in an empirical study of the Canadian biotechnology industry. The results show that patent protection and strategic alliances facilitate R&D spending. The results also show that early-stage...

In January 2016, the Canadian Ministry of Innovation, Science and Economic Development (the “Ministry”) commissioned this study to gain insight into technological innovation in Canada through the lens of the United States (“U.S.”) patent system. Comprehensive patent data of the sort...