This paper compares various estimation techniques used to determine the impact of distance and borders on international … estimation method. In addition, also the size of both effects varies substantially across estimation methods. Finally, the … authors generally find that the estimations are in line with the respective weighting schemes of each estimation method. …

and exchange rate mechanisms. McCallum [1995] found that the US-Canada border led to trade between provinces that is a … puzzle' by applying the theory seriously. We find that national borders reduce trade between the US and Canada by about 44 … of a combination of omitted variables bias and the small size of the Canadian economy. Within-Canada trade rises by a …

and exchange rate mechanisms. McCallum [1995] found that the US-Canada border led to trade between provinces that is a … puzzle' by applying the theory seriously. We find that national borders reduce trade between the US and Canada by about 44 … of a combination of omitted variables bias and the small size of the Canadian economy. Within-Canada trade rises by a …

reciprocity in food trade among the US, Canada, the EU and Japan. We explore country and industry-specific market access asymmetry … access to both Canada and, especially, the EU. Policy trade barriers, firstly in the forms of NTBs, the degree of product …

declined. The border effects for Canada-EU and Canada-G 20 bilateral trade flows sit at somewhat elevated levels. About a third …