We examined reference point adaptation following gains or losses in security trading using participants from China, Korea, and the US. In both questionnaire studies and trading experiments with real money incentives, reference point adaptation was larger for Asians than for Americans. Subjects...

We find that firms with higher gender and racial diversity of inventors have significantly superior stock returns than firms with more homogeneous inventors. A long-short value-weighted portfolio of firms, ranked on inventor diversity (ID), earned a four-factor alpha of 4.32% per year. The...