We propose newly developed unsmoothing techniques for appraisal-based real estate returns based on a regime-switching Threshold Autoregressive (TAR) model. We show that when true returns follow a TAR process, conventional linear autoregressive technique are misspecified and underestimate true...

Efficient markets should guarantee the existence of zero spreads for total return swaps. However, real estate markets have recorded values that are significantly different from zero in both directions. Possible explanations might suggest non-rational behaviour by inexperienced market players or...

This paper studies the pricing of the risk associated with the location of the assets. The location risk is measured by ‘local beta’, which combines the systematic risk of local property markets and the property allocation strategy of real estate firms. The empirical results confirm a higher...