Setting an adequate level for the fees charged by pension fund administrators is a key design element for policymakers when establishing a second pension pillar. A proper balance between the interest of future pensioners and the ones of administrators is required, but an optimal level of fees is...

Greater skill of active investment managers can mean less fee revenue in a general equilibrium. Although more-skilled managers earn more revenue than less-skilled managers, greater skill for active managers overall can imply less revenue for their industry. Greater skill allows managers to...

We find that stock price crash risk is positively associated with lagged equity lending fee and fee risk. This positive relation is stronger for the stocks with a lower short interest level and higher information uncertainty. Our results are robust to using alternative measures of price crash...

Performance measures such as alpha and the Sharpe ratio are typically based on sample returns net of fees. This implies the same weighing to sample returns and to fees. However, sample return parameters are noisy estimates of true parameters, while fees are known with certainty. Thus, intuition...