We propose a new class of performance measures for Hedge Fund (HF) returns based on a family of empirically identifiable stochastic discount factors (SDFs). The SDF-based measures incorporate no-arbitrage pricing restrictions and naturally embed information about higher-order mixed moments...

This paper proposes to extract tail risk from a risk-neutral mean-adjusted expected shortfall of high-frequency stock returns. Risk adjustment is based on a nonparametric estimator of the state price density that does not use option prices and relies solely on a stock index returns. This makes...

This paper introduces a new tail risk measure based on the risk-neutral excess expected shortfall of a cross-section of stock returns. We propose a novel way to risk neutralize the returns without relying on option price information. Empirically, we illustrate our methodology by estimating a...