We consider a firm's competitiveness based on the manner by which other firms mention it on their 10-K filings. Using all public firm filings simultaneously, we implement a PageRank-type algorithm to produce a dynamic measure of firm competitiveness, denoted C-Rank. A high-minus-low C-Rank...

This paper investigate the effects of investor protection on hedge fund activism. Using a parsimonious measure of investor protection constructed from fund organizational characteristics, we document that higher investor protection is strongly correlated with superior performance of activists....

The authors study whether the pricing of systematic factors depends on the investment horizon over which risk is measured. Market beta and Fama--French value beta are priced when risk is measured over intermediate horizons, while liquidity beta is priced over short horizons. Alpha on a...