) intensifies the competition: in particular, both top and mean realized scores increase. To tame incentives to provide excessively …

Incentives based on esteem, honor and shame are increasingly popular and easy to use due to modern surveillance … Tirole (2011) to explore the effect of esteem-based incentives and their interaction with traditional monetary incentives. We … show that esteem-based incentives can indeed lead to a loss of control by generating multiple equilibria, some of which …

specific context attribute social meaning to the incentives they face. Thus, we economists are faced with a dilemma at the …In 1989, most economists thought the problem of transition was one of allowing prices to float to market clearing … to a broader notion of institutional reform. Since that time, political economists have also learned that discussion of …