Heightened volatility in cross-border capital flows has increased exchange rate volatility across emerging markets as well as in advanced economies, setting the stage for more active management of currencies. Traditionally, foreign exchange rate intervention has been the primary tool to address...

The last three decades have been marked by financial market globalisation and a higher degree of integration of emerging markets into the world economy. One distinct feature of this in integration has been a sharp increase in portfolio flows between advanced and emerging market countries. Since...