This paper undertakes a statistical analysis of the fines imposed on 168 firms in 22 cartels prosecuted by European Commission under the 2006 Penalty Guidelines, leniency notice, settlement process, and the courts on appeals over the period 2007 to 2010. It looks closely at how the Commission...

This paper sets out the basic economics of cartel formation and stability, the methods of estimating overcharges and quot;but forquot; prices, and concludes with a brief discussion of multiple damages. It draws on some evidence of cartel prosecution in Europe

This paper examines the law, practice and evidence on fines for price-fixing under European competition law. It undertakes the first comprehensive quantitative analysis of fines imposed on cartels by the European Commission. Based on an analysis of 30 fully reported cartel decisions, and appeals...

Based on an analysis of cartel prosecutions since 2007, this article assesses the way the European Commission has built up its fines in practice. The fines are compared with those imposed by the European Commission over the period from 1999 to 2006. The main findings are that, while fines have...

This chapter sets out the principles and emerging practice governing cartel damages in the EU and UK. It identifies the types of damages available; the issue surrounding causation, pass-on, volume effects, and mitigation; and the methods that have been be used to estimate overcharges, volume...

This paper undertakes a critical review of the prospect that self-learning pricing algorithms will lead to widespread collusion independently of the intervention and participation of humans. There is no concrete evidence, no example yet, and no antitrust case that self-learning pricing...

This paper brings up to date an on-going statistical analysis of the fines imposed in cartel prosecutions commenced between 1998 and 2006 by the European Commission and courts on appeal under the 1998 Penalty Guidelines and completed to the end of October 2010. Based on an analysis of all 46...

""Cartel Damages" represents a comprehensive practical guide on the law, economics, and measurement of cartel damages under UK and European competition laws. It draws together the most recent research on cartels, economic analysis, empirical techniques, case law, and legislation to examine how...