As a result of international legalization, the potential for conflicts of overlapping jurisdictions has multiplied vertically between national and international law, as well as horizontally between national and foreign law. In competition control, the latter type of horizontal overlap between US...

The Pacific Ocean liner shipping market appears to be cartelized, primarily because of antitrust exemptions for shipping companies’ agreements. The current industry consolidation trend driven by economies of scale is likely to nurture the collusion inducing environment further; thus,...

Introduction -- The development of Competition Laws and a Hypothesis -- Overview of International Relations Theories -- Cartels : Illegal and/or in the National Interest? -- The Extraterritorial Application of Competition Laws -- Mergers and Acquisitions and National Interests -- Conclusion