This paper explores fundamental changes to the UK’s competition law private actions landscape. It examines how the Consumer Rights Act 2015 (‘CRA’) has paved the way for private enforcement to become an effective deterrent against anti-competitive behavior. These changes have been made...

Cartels are illegal in India, as they are almost everywhere. They are subject to heavy fines. Why, then, do businesses frequently try to fix prices? Because doing so usually is profitable. On average cartels raise prices by more than 20%, and probably face less than a 25% chance of being caught...

Professor Christina Bohannan's IP Misuse as Foreclosure enlightens the debate over the patent misuse doctrine's role in regulating intellectual property owners' ever-expanding claims. Presently, courts scrutinize licensing restrictions under the antitrust laws only after determining that the IP...

Licensing Intellectual Property rights generates revenue for the owners of such rights. Bundling IP rights in a single license can generate more revenue. Patent rights and trade secret rights are somewhat conflicting IP rights. Combined licenses issued for using both patent rights and trade...

In 2003 the Dawson Committee, commissioned by the Australian Government, recommended that criminal penalties should be introduced for cartel conduct. The Government accepted this recommendation in principle and set up a working party to consider the implementation difficulties that had been...

In treating Heinrich Kronstein's influence on United States antitrust law, we encounter a situation quite different from many other in which German emigre jurists operated. In areas such as contracts, torts or private international law, German experience was rich and varied, providing a trove of...

Kingman Brewster's exceptionally influential Antitrust and American Business Abroad (1958) came to symbolize an era in antitrust law and in the relationship of U.S. business to international economic activity. It gave conceptual contours to a fundamental problem that had been only dimly...

John Haley's comparative study of competition law in Germany and Japan is in many ways a pioneering work. It uses comparative analysis to provide insights into the development and operation of competition law in the two countries, and, as the author notes, there has been very little serious...

Two topics have featured in discussions of transnational competition law over the last few years — the evolution of competition law in Asia and the global convergence of competition laws. The role of Asia, especially China, in global competition law development has attracted attention...