This paper provides a comprehensive discussion of the deterrence properties of a competition policy regime. On the … deterrence: 1) sanctions and damages; 2) financial and human resources; 3) powers during the investigation; 4) quality of the law …; 5) independence; and 6) separation of power. We then discuss how to measure deterrence. We review the literature that …

, Competition Policy Indexes, or CPIs. The CPIs measure the deterrence properties of a competition policy in a jurisdiction, where …

, Competition Policy Indexes, or CPIs. The CPIs measure the deterrence properties of a competition policy in a jurisdiction, where …

This paper provides a comprehensive discussion of the deterrence properties of a competition policy regime. On the … deterrence: 1) sanctions and damages; 2) financial and human resources; 3) powers during the investigation; 4) quality of the law …; 5) independence; and 6) separation of power. We then discuss how to measure deterrence. We review the literature that …

deterrence. Increasing the probability of an investigation at high levels reduces collusion, yet never completely. …

settlement amount, yet at the price of reduced deterrence for those wrongdoers who are actually fined. Under a leniency program … fine reduction on deterrence is, therefore, negative. …

strategies deter organized economic crime. The absolute level of a fine has a strong deterrence effect, even when the exogenous … also document a strong deterrence effect of the sum of fines paid in the past, which suggests a significant role for …