We study the relationship between collusion and corruption in a stylized model of repeated procurement where the cost … suppliers alleviates free-riding in reporting. However, it also facilitates collusion in bidding by increasing the value of the … collusive rent. In turn, bidding collusion facilitates cooperation in reporting by increasing the value of having honest …

A number of recent papers have proposed that a pattern of isolated winning bids may be associated with collusion. In … contrast, others have suggested that bid clustering, especially of the two lowest bids, is indicative of collusion. In this …, whose asphalt industry has not been the subject of collusion allegations. Our findings provide causal evidence that the …

, collusion. …