The debate in Europe on the competition law aspects of minority shareholdings is not new but has become increasingly important since July 2011 when the Commission announced the tender for a study on the importance of minority shareholdings in the European Union.The aim of this article is to...

It is important to distinguish between economic and non-economic public services, as the latter services are not subject to EU competition law and Member States are free to regulate them. EU competition law is applicable to public services having an economic nature, with a certain degree of...

The regulation of cartels is not a new phenomenon, but has been part of doing business since the antiquity. The Sherman Act was a turning point in legislation regarding cartels. Although many decades had to pass until the current attitude towards cartels crystalized, the first half of the 20th...

Increasingly more focus is placed on the human rights aspects of competition enforcement in the past years also in Hungary. By now, the Hungarian courts clarified the human rights aspects of Hungarian competition law from various perspectives. The goal of this study is to give practical insight...