On 27 June 2017, the European Commission fined Google €2.42 billion for “abusing dominance as search engine by giving illegal advantage to own comparison shopping service.” Allegedly, Google has algorithmically manipulated the search results of products in order to promote its own...

Antitrust populism – or the populist use of competition policies – is currently on the rise again. This is mainly due to the challenges brought about by the digital economy to traditional competition tools. From a normative perspective, the economics of competition law should avoid embarking...

In our submission, we argue that competition policy in the digital economy should be based on sound, theoretical underpinnings and rigorous, evidence-based analysis, best encapsulated in the “law and economics” approach. Despite many expressed fears to the contrary, digital markets are not...

Confidentiality of information is considered to be a basic business necessity in order to safeguard the business's strengths, competitive advantage, commercial value, economic status and market position. However, a business may often need to disclose confidential information to other...

The economic analysis of antitrust laws is on the wane. The Chicago School influentially developed an antitrust approach with the principle of economic efficiency as the North Star of enforcement analysis. Robert Bork has seminally singled out The Antitrust Paradox of his time: Antitrust...

In Section I of this paper, I examine the origins or seeds of precautionary antitrust by revisiting enforcement by European administrative competition agencies in digital markets. In Section II, I explain how this ideology was embraced, advocated, and advanced in several “tech reports”...

On February 2, 2017, the European Commission announced the launch on its own initiative of three sets of investigations into suspected anticompetitive behavior in online commerce.2 The three sectors inquired have been (i) consumer electronics manufacturers; (ii) video games publishers; and (iii)...