This paper investigates the possibility of export-led growth and growth-driven export by testing for Granger causality between the logarithms of real exports and real GDP in twenty-five OECD countries. Two complementary testing strategies are applied. First, depending on the time series...

This paper investigates the possibility of Granger causality between the logarithms of real exports and real GDP in twenty-five OECD countries, between 1960 and 1998. Two complementary testing strategies are applied. First, depending on the time series properties of the data, causality is tested...

This paper is concerned with the possible bivariate Granger causality between immigration, measured as the proportion of net permanent and long-term movement to resident population, and long-term unemployment, measured as the proportion of long-term unemployed to total unemployed, in Australia...