The study attempts to identify the dynamic relationship between trade, income growth, energy consumption and CO2 … emissions for Pakistan. Johansen’s Cointegration procedure has been employed to estimate the coefficients of the Cointegrated … Vector Autoregressive model. The results reveal that trade has a favorable effect on environmental quality for Pakistan …

growth in Bulgaria using cointegration analysis and Granger causality technique. The bounds testing approach to cointegration … bidirectional causality between financial development and trade openness and a unidirectional causality running from economic growth … growth. An augmented form of Granger causality analysis is implemented to identify the direction of causality among the …