development. The identification strategy exploits an important feature of the U.S.'s welfare work requirement rules - namely, age …-of-youngest-child exemptions - as a source of quasi-experimental variation in maternal employment. The 1996 welfare reform law empowered states to …

transfers. We examine how welfare reforms that introduced mutual obligations affected the economic position of single mothers … since the 2005 Welfare-to-Work Act came into effect in July 2006, a downward trend that was aggravated by the Global … Welfare-to-Work reform. We find unadjusted single-motherhood gaps of 0.2 SD in cognitive and 0.3 SD in non-cognitive skills …