We study the effect of childcare availability on child penalties. Using Swiss administrative data, we exploit the … staggered opening od childcare facilities across municipalities in the canton of Bern. We find that the presence of childcare … facilities in the year of birth of the first child reduces the child penalty. The availability of childcare increases maternal …

amount of the gender income gap. In this paper we do two things. First, we use a simple household model to better understand … the potential mechanisms driving the child penalty, which include gender norms around child care, female preferences for … in heterosexual couples is primarily explained by female preferences for child care and gender norms, with a smaller …

-2007 to investigate whether the gender composition of preschool staff members affects the timing of school start and …-preschool differences in teacher gender composition across time. We find that the share of male staff improves child outcomes and that gains …

, leading to a 4-10 percent gender earnings gap 5-10 years later. The child penalty is shifted across generations to … grandmothers with low education, but daycare availability only affects child penalties. Gender biases towards older women's work …

-related gender inequality in earnings and (ii) assesses the impact of family policies on this inequality. We present three sets of … the 2000s. Second, we decompose overall gender inequality into child-related and child-unrelated components. Over our …-third to the increase in child-related gender inequality. Instead, a parental benefit reform in 2007 mitigated further …

childcare. This trend has raised concerns, and an intense debate in several countries has focused on the effectiveness of … childcare policies. …

open questions who responds to and who benefits from public investments into early childcare. We use the introduction of … effects of the policy differ by child age, gender and socio-economic status. Free daycare increases attendance among 2-3 year … turn, shows gender-specific effects that are in part explained by the differential choices parents of boys make compared to …