prescriptions of about 93.2% (Austria) and 64.8% (Denmark). These parenthood penalties in mental health are unlikely to reflect …Using Austrian and Danish administrative data, we examine the impacts of parenthood on mental health. Parenthood … imposes a greater mental health burden on mothers than on fathers. It creates a long-run gender gap in antidepressant …

prescriptions of about 93.2% (Austria) and 64.8% (Denmark). Further evidence suggests that these parenthood penalties in mental …. Parenthood imposes a greater mental health burden on mothers than on fathers. It creates a long-run gender gap in antidepressant … encounter substantial parenthood penalties. Moreover, mothers who invest more in childcare (by taking extended maternity leave …

the fact that only mothers whose child is born in or after July 2015 are eligible for the new part-time PL option in a … Difference-in-Differences strategy. We find that the policy increased the probability that high income mothers return to work …

national basis. This chapter reviews various types of leave policies available for working mothers (or parents) across …Supporting working mothers to balance their work and childcare responsibilities is a central objective of maternal and … countries and whether and how the policies affect women's labor market outcomes, their own and children's health, and child …

subsidised or free childcare for very young children, could help reduce the motherhood penalty. However, such policies are likely … labour market dimensions. Gender inequalities are further aggravated among people with children. Women with children under 16 … are much more likely to be unemployed, work part-time or on temporary contracts than men with children of the same age. We …

a large and generous parental leave extension in Austria exploiting a sharp birthday cutoff-based discontinuity in the …'s counterfactual work behavior. We show that extending parental leave has significant positive effects on children's health and human … provided by mothers (or formal institutions) is superior to informal care-arrangements. …

a large and generous parental leave extension in Austria exploiting a sharp birthday cutoff-based discontinuity in the …'s counterfactual work behavior. We show that extending parental leave has significant positive effects on children's health and human … provided by mothers (or formal institutions) is superior to informal care arrangements. …

parental decisions (labor market, investments in children, and fertility). We merge rich sources of historical information on … mobility in education, stems from heterogeneity in the effects of the policies: children of mothers with fewer years of … education benefit more. As a potential mechanism, we find that the policies increased mothers' time investments in children and …

benefits also reduce take-up of paid leave by mothers, lower the chances of having further children, and have no impact on …