The link between household poverty and child labor is much stronger in Pakistan than in Peru. Providing good schools in South Asia could help reduce child labor. The link between child labor and adult labor markets varies with gender. Using data from Peruvian and Pakistani household surveys, Ray...

I explore the link between openness to trade, investments in human capital and technology, credit market constraints, and child labor in a panel of 101 countries from 1980 to 2004. In a cross-country setting, Neumayer and De Soysa (2005) and Edmonds and Pavcnik (2006) find that countries that...

We develop a model of exploitative child labor with two key features: first, parents have imperfect information about whether employment opportunities available to their children are exploitative or not. Second, firms choose whether or not to exploit their child workers. In our model, a ban on...

In developing countries, the opportunity costs of children's time may significantly hinder universal education. This paper studies one of these opportunity costs: we estimate the agricultural productivity of children aged 10 to 15, with the LSMS-ISA panel survey in Tanzania. Since child labor...

Building upon the social-risk management approach, this paper examines dimensions of household behavior that are important for risk management and reduction of vulnerability, beyond issues of consumption. This paper attempts to assess to what extent risk and vulnerability factors are relevant...

How much work is ‘‘too much’’ for children aged 10-14 in Egypt? Our narrow focus here is on ‘‘work that does not interfere with school attendance.’’ For girls, work includes time spent in household chores and subsistence activities. We estimate simultaneous hours of work and...

This paper aims at identifying the major drop-out and push-out factors that lead to school abandonment in an urban surrounding, the shantytowns of Fortaleza, Northeast Brazil. We use an extensive survey addressing risk factors faced by the population in these neighborhoods, which covered both...

This study examines the relationship between parental time poverty, child work, and schoolattendance in Ghana using data from the sixth and seventh rounds of the Ghana Living StandardSurvey (GLSS6 and GLSS7). Results of the analysis indicate an increasing decline in childenrolment in public...