In a model with endogenous fertility and labor supply three instruments of family policies are analyzed: child benefits …, subsidies for external child care, and parental leave payments. We compare the impact on the quantity and quality of children …

The motherhood wage penalty denotes the difference in wages between mothers and women without children that is not … motherhood wage penalty can represent a significant cost to being female and having children. If ignored, it may undermine policy … initiatives aiming to increase fertility rates in post-socialist countries, such as the costly “baby bonus,” which is a government …

's counterfactual work behavior. We show that extending parental leave has significant positive effects on children's health and human …

's counterfactual work behavior. We show that extending parental leave has significant positive effects on children's health and human …