European Union and those outside it. They have enormous energy intensity and associated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, mainly … levels of GHG emissions at Bali in 2007, to be ratified in Copenhagen in 2009, all countries with levels such a those in CEE … will have to reduce emissions significantly as will countries throughout the world, especially the "big burners" like USA …

fuel standard in a dynamic model taking into account that oil is a non-renewable resource. Second, we model emissions from … extraction of oil is postponed as a consequence of the renewable fuel standard. Thus, if emissions from biofuels are negligible … (i.e., oil plus biofuels) consumption initially. Hence, even if emissions from biofuels are non-negligible, a renewable …

renewable fuel standard. Thus, if emissions from biofuels are negligible, the standard will have beneficial climate effects. The … standard also reduces total fuel (i.e., oil plus biofuels) consumption initially. Hence, even if emissions from biofuels are … biofuels that are almost as emissions-intensive as oil, a renewable fuel standard has beneficial climate effects. …