The signatories of the Paris Agreement are required to submit new nationally determined contributions (NDCs) by 10 February 2025, laying out targets for 2035. These third generation NDCs - "NDCs 3.0" - are supposed to serve as comprehensive investment and transformation plans and incorporate the...

Growing North-South tensions are impeding global climate cooperation and hampering Germany’s search for reliable partners. Brazil is a key actor with the potential to alleviate tensions: it sees itself as a bridge-builder and will host the Climate Change Conference in 2025 (COP30). Under their...

Der Klimawandel birgt zahlreiche Risiken für die Stabilität des Finanzsystems und für die Übertragung der Geldpolitik. Für die Europäische Zentralbank existieren ausreichende wirtschaftliche und rechtliche Gründe, um Klimarisiken und den Übergang zur Klimaneutralität stärker in die...

If the EU wants to achieve net zero emissions by 2050, enacting conventional climate change mitigation measures to avoid emissions of greenhouse gases will not be enough. To compensate for unavoidable residual emissions, unconventional measures to remove CO2 from the atmosphere will also be...

The European Union (EU) has been advocating climate policy ambitions from the very beginning of the international climate regime. Climate action to support the implementation of the Paris Agreement (2015) involves nearly all fields of national and international policy-making. In this research...

At the Paris climate summit in December 2015 the 196 parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) established a new international climate policy regime from 2020 onwards. The Paris Agreement includes how to proceed with protecting the climate (mitigation), how to...

The 27th Conference of the Parties (COP 27) to the United Nations Framework Conven­tion on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, was marked by multiple crises and the shaken confidence of developing countries in the multilateral process. Nonetheless, an agreement was reached on the...

Since net zero targets have become a keystone of climate policy, more thought is being given to actively removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere while continuing to drastically reduce emissions. The ocean plays a major role in regulating the global climate by absorbing a large proportion of...

Seit Netto-Null-Ziele ein integraler Baustein der Klimapolitik sind, wird verstärkt darüber nachgedacht, zusätzlich zu einer drastischen Reduzierung der Emissionen Kohlen­dioxid (CO2) aktiv aus der Atmosphäre zu entfernen. Die Herausforderungen, die mit landbasierten Methoden der...

At the G7 summit in June 2022, the German government intends to promote international climate cooperation by establishing a climate club. This club is envisioned to foster implementation of the Paris climate goals and, ideally, grow into a global alliance of ambitious countries. In light of...